Hernia lumbar del espacio de Grynfelt. A propósito de un caso / Lumbar hernia of the Grynfelt space. Apropos of a case

RESUMEN La hernia lumbar del espacio de Grynfelt, pese a que es la más frecuente de los dos tipos de hernias lumbares, es un defecto raro de la pared abdominal posterior. Su diagnóstico se hace difícil por su relativa poca frecuencia. Los médicos no piensan seriamente en esta variedad de hernia, aunque constituye una patología en la que el diagnóstico, al igual que el resto de las hernias de la pared abdominal, es esencialmente clínico. Se presentó un caso tipo de hernia poco frecuente. Una paciente de 32 años con antecedentes de salud, que hacía 3 meses comenzó a quejarse de dolor en la región lumbar y notó la presencia de una masa pequeña en esa misma región. Acudió a la consulta de Cirugía por este motivo y posterior a los estudios correspondientes se le realizó hernioplastia lumbar (AU).

ABSTRACT Lumbar hernia of the Grynfelt space, although it is the most frequent of the two kinds of lumbar hernias, is a rare posterior abdominal wall defect. Its diagnosis is difficult because of its low frequency. Doctors do not think about this illness because it is very infrequent, though it is a disease that, like the rest of abdominal wall hernia, is mainly clinically diagnosed. The authors presented a typically infrequent case of hernia. A female patient, aged 32 years, with health antecedents, referred that three months ago she began to feel pain in the lumbar region and noticed the presence of a little mass in that region. For that reason she assisted the consultation of Surgery and, after being correspondently studied, she underwent a lumbar hernioplasty (AU).

Cisto aracnoide medular em um cão: relato de caso / Arachnoid cyst in a dog: case report

O cisto aracnoide medular (CAM) é uma doença que pode ocorrer em humanos e animais, podendo causar sinais clínicos neurológicos. A origem dessa enfermidade ainda é desconhecida assim como sua patofisiologia. Acredita-se que pode ser congênita ou adquirida. Até o momento, não foi verificada predileção por raça, sexo ou idade. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de CAM lombar em um cão com 13 anos de idade, que causou paralisia dos membros pélvicos. Ao exame clínico, o paciente apresentava dor lombar na palpação epaxial, incontinência urinária e fecal, com paraplegia de membros pélvicos. A sintomatologia progrediu durante oito meses, com histórico de trauma. Na mielografia, foi identificado um CAM na região lombar (L1-L2) lateralizado para a esquerda. O tratamento instituído foi a laminectomia e a durectomia. A paciente apresentou melhora dos sinais clínicos após 11 dias da realização da cirurgia. O tratamento cirúrgico obteve bons resultados para essa enfermidade. O CAM pode ocorrer em cães geriátricos ou com paraplegia de membros, assim deve ser incluído na lista de diagnóstico diferencial das mielopatias lombares compressivas.(AU)

Medullary arachnoid cyst (MAC) is a disease that occurs in humans and animals, and may cause neurological clinical signs. The origin of this disease, as well as its pathophysiology, are still unknown. It is believed that it can be congenital or acquired. No predilection for race, sex, or age has been verified. The aim of this paper is to report a lumbar MAC case in a dog at 13 years of age that caused paralysis of the pelvic limbs. At the clinical examination the patient had back pain on the lumbar region, urinary and fecal incontinence, and paraplegia on the pelvic members. The symptoms were progressing for eight months with history of trauma. In myelography a MAC in the lumbar region (L1- L2) lateralized to left was identified. For treatment laminectomy and durectomy were established. The patient showed improvement of clinical signs eleven days after surgery. The surgical treatment achieved good results for this type of disease. MAC can occur in geriatric or member paraplegia dogs, so it must be included in the differential diagnosis list of the lumbar compressive myelopathy.(AU)

Radiofrecuencia pulsada del ganglio de la raíz dorsal en un caso de sindrome radicular lumbosacro crónico refractario a los esteroides epidurales / Pulsed radiofrequency of dorsal root glanglion a clinical case of chronic lumbosacro syndrome refractory to epidural steroids

Las inyecciones epidurales de esteroides son frecuentemente indicadas en el sindrome radicular lumbosacro, producido por hernias de disco, protrusiones discales o estenosis del canal, cuando éste no responde al tratamiento no intervencionista. Sin embargo, por distintas causas, aproximadamente 20% de los pacientes no responden a estas inyecciones, quedando pocas opciones terapéuticas disponibles. La radiofrecuencia pulsada del Ganglio de la Raíz Dorsal de las raíces afectadas es una alternativa válida para tratar el sindrome cuando es refractario al tratamiento con inyecciones epidurales de esteroides, en caso de que la cirugía de columna no está indicada o se prefiera evitar. Se presenta un caso clínico de un sindrome radicular lumbosacro refractario, causado por protrusiones discales lumbares, donde se utilizó la radiofrecuencia pulsada del ganglio de la raíz dorsal con buenos resultados, evaluados mediante el Inventario Abreviado del Dolor (Brief Pain Inventory).

Lumbosacral radicular syndrome, produced by discs herniations, discs protrusions or spinal stenosis is frequently treated by injecting steroids in the epidural space. However, 20% of the patients are resistant to this treatment, so few therapeutics options for them are left. Pulsed radiofrequency of the Dorsal Root Ganglion is a validated therapeutic option, when the syndrome is refractory to epidural steroid injections and spinal surgery is not indicated or elected. We report a clinical case of a lumbosacral radicular syndrome, refractory to epidural steroid injections, successfully treated with pulsed radiofrequency of lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion, utilizing the Spanish version of the Brief Pain Inventory, as an outcome evaluation tool.

Extraspinal Incidental Findings on Routine MRI of Lumbar Spine: Prevalence and Reporting Rates in 1278 Patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and reporting rate of incidental findings (IF) in adult outpatients undergoing lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Re-evaluation of a total of 1278 lumbar MRI images (collected from patients with a mean age of 50.5 years, range 16-91 years) captured between August 2010-August 2011 was done by a neuroradiologist and a musculoskeletal radiologist. IFs were classified according to organ or system (liver, gallbladder, kidney, bladder, uterus, ovary, lymph node, intestine and aorta). The rate of reporting of a range of IF was examined. The outcome of each patient's treatment was evaluated based on review of hospital records and by telephone interviews. RESULTS: A total of 253 IFs were found in 241 patients (18.8% of 1278). Among these, clinically significant IFs (n = 34) included: 2 renal masses (0.15%), 2 aortic aneurysms (0.15%), 2 cases of hydronephrosis (0.15%), 11 adrenal masses (0.86%), 7 lymphadenopathies (0.55%), 6 cases of endometrial or cervical thickening (0.47%), 1 liver hemangioma (0.08%), 1 pelvic fluid (0.08%) and 2 ovarian dermoid cysts (0.15%). Overall, 28% (71/253) of IFs were included in the clinical reports, while clinically significant findings were reported in 41% (14/34) of cases. CONCLUSION: Extraspinal IFs are commonly detected during a routine lumbar MRI, and many of these findings are not clinically significant. However, IFs including clinically important findings are occasionally omitted from formal radiological reports.

Análisis de la morfología del raquis torácico y lumbar en mujeres trabajadoras de una cooperativa hortofrutícola / men Analysis of the thoracic and lumbar morphology in woworkers from a fruit and vegetable company

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la disposición angular del raquis torácico y lumbar en bipedestación y sedentación relajada en mujeres trabajadoras de una empresa hortofrutícola. Un total de 50 mujeres (media de edad: 43,62+/-8,43 años) fueron evaluadas mediante un spinal mouse en bipedestación y en sedentación relajada. Los valores angulares medios para el raquis torácico y lumbar fueron de 32,74+/-8,76 y -21,66+/-19,12 en bipedestación y de 36,32+/-10,55 y -1,08+/-18,14, en sedentación. En bipedestación, un elevado porcentaje de casos (86 por ciento y 68,3 por ciento) presentaban una cifosis torácica y lordosis lumbar dentro de los valores de normalidad. En sedentación, el 74 por ciento presentaban hipercifosis torácica y el 20 por ciento una inversión lumbar. En conclusión, aunque en bipedestación la mayoría de las mujeres presentaban una morfología del raquis dentro de los valores de normalidad, en sedentación se observó un elevado porcentaje de casos con hipercifosis torácica y el raquis lumbar en inversión. Debido a las consecuencias negativas que se asocian a dichas desalineaciones raquídeas, es recomendable aplicar programas de mejora de la actitud postural en estas trabajadoras, preferentemente en su contexto laboral.

The aim of this study was to analyze the sagittal spinal morphology of thoracic and lumbar spine in standing and sitting in women workers from a cooperative in the production, handling and marketing business of vegetable and fruit products. A total of 50 women (mean age: 43.62+/-8.43 years old) were evaluated. The spinal mouse system was used to mesasure the sagittal thoracic and lumbar curvatures in standing and relaxed sitting. The values for thoracic and lumbar curvatures were 32.74+/-8.76 and -21.66+/-19.12 in standing and 36.32+/-10.55 and -1.08+/-18.14 in sitting. A high frequency (86.0 percent and 68.3 percent) of normal thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were found in standing posture. While sitting the 74.0 percent and 20.0 percent presented thoracic hyperkyphosis and lumbar kyphosis. In conclusion, a high percentaje of women workers presented normality values in standing posture, although a high percentage of women were found with thoracic hyperkyphosis and lumbar flexed while sitting relaxed. It is recommended that these women carry out a program to improve their actitudinal postures in their work place.

Differentiation between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Extraforaminal Stenosis in Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra: Role of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Lumbosacral Radiculography

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of lumbosacral radiculography using 3-dimentional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) rendering for diagnostic information of symptomatic extraforaminal stenosis in lumbosacral transitional vertebra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 18 patients with symptomatic (n = 10) and asymptomatic extraforaminal stenosis (n = 8) in lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Each patient underwent 3D coronal fast-field echo sequences with selective water excitation using the principles of the selective excitation technique (Proset imaging). Morphologic changes of the L5 nerve roots at the symptomatic and asymptomatic extraforaminal stenosis were evaluated on 3D MR rendered images of the lumbosacral spine. RESULTS: Ten cases with symptomatic extraforaminal stenosis showed hyperplasia and degenerative osteophytes of the sacral ala and/or osteophytes at the lateral margin of the L5 body. On 3D MR lumbosacral radiculography, indentation of the L5 nerve roots was found in two cases, while swelling of the nerve roots was seen in eight cases at the exiting nerve root. Eight cases with asymptomatic extraforaminal stenosis showed hyperplasia and degenerative osteophytes of the sacral ala and/or osteophytes at the lateral margin of the L5 body. Based on 3D MR lumbosacral radiculography, indentation or swelling of the L5 nerve roots was not found in any cases with asymptomatic extraforaminal stenosis. CONCLUSION: Results from 3D MR lumbosacral radiculography Indicate the indentation or swelling of the L5 nerve root in symptomatic extraforaminal stenosis. Based on these findings, 3D MR radiculography may be helpful in the diagnosis of the symptomatic extraforaminal stenosis with lumbosacral transitional vertebra.

Diffuse Ependymal Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor Causing Spinal Drop Metastases: A Case Report

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) arise mostly in the supratentorial cerebral cortex. A very rare case of intraventricular DNET with diffuse ependymal involvement, which causes spinal drop metastasis, is presented.

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: a case report and clinical implications / Vértebras lumbosacras de transición: reporte de un caso e implicancias clínicas

A lumbosacral transitional vertebra is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs because of defect in the segmentation of the lumbosacral spine during development. During routine osteology classes for the medical students at the Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India, one of the sacra showed the fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra with the sacrum. The specimen showed an incomplete fusion (sacralization) on the left side and the transverse process was of the large butterfly shape, while on the right it was about the usual size. Though this variation is well known, the details of this anomaly are rarely reported in the anatomical literature. Since there is a strong relationship between the lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and low back pain, this anomaly has gotten increased clinical interest. So this case was studied in detail with relevant review of literature and its surgical, radiological implications are discussed.

Una vértebra de transición lumbosacra es una anomalía congénita rara que se produce debido a defectos en la segmentación de la columna lumbosacra durante el desarrollo. Durante una clase de osteología para estudiantes de medicina en Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India, una de las regiones sacras mostró fusión de la quinta vértebra lumbar con el sacro. El especimen mostró fusión incompleta (sacralización) en el lado izquierdo y el proceso transverso tenía forma de mariposa grande, mientras que en el derecho se observó de tamaño normal. A pesar que esta variación es conocida, los detalles de esta anomalía rara vez son reportados en la literatura anatómica. Puesto que existe una fuerte relación entre las vértebras de transición lumbosacra y el dolor de espalda baja, esta anomalía tiene gran interés clínico. Este caso fue estudiado en detalle con la revisión pertinente de la literatura, y son discutidas sus implicancias quirúrgicas y radiológicas.

Tuberculosis vertebral (mal de Pott) e infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Vertebral tuberculosis (Pott`s disease) and infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus

Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente mozambicana de 60 años, con antecedentes de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y sacrolumbalgia, quien ingresó en el Servicio de Medicina del Hospital Central de Beira por presentar dolor en la columna dorsal, deformidad ósea avanzada, fiebre, astenia, anorexia, pérdida de peso, malestar general y disminución de la fuerza muscular en miembros inferiores desde hacía 2 meses. Los exámenes imagenológicos efectuados confirmaron el diagnóstico de tuberculosis vertebral. Se indicó tratamiento antituberculoso y fue trasladada al Servicio de Neurocirugía para corrección quirúrgica de la mencionada deformidad.

The case report of a 60 year-old woman from Mozambique, with a history of infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus and back low pain who was admitted to the Medicine Service from Beira Central Hospital for presenting with pain in the dorsal spine, advanced bony deformity, fever, asthenia, anorexia, weight loss, general discomfort and decrease of the muscles strength in lower limbs for 2 months is described. Image tests confirmed the diagnosis of vertebral tuberculosis. Antituberculous treatment was indicated and she was referred to the Neurosurgery Service for surgical correction of the mentioned deformity.

Utilidade diagnóstica dos procedimentos e medidas no exame clínico de radiculopatias lombossacrais segundo os princípios da Medicina Baseada em Evidências: revisão sistemática / Diagnostic use of procedures and measurements used during clinical lumbosacral radiculopathy examination according to the principles of evidence-based medicine: a systematic review

A importância da incorporação da Medicina Baseada em Evidência na capacidade dos testes e medidas clínicas em predizer diagnósticos de radiculopatias não pode ser menosprezada. A síndrome radicular lombossacral é auto-limitante na maioria dos casos e os sintomas desaparecem espontaneamente em semanas ou meses. Já a cronificação produz importante incapacidade física e laboral. Diante da falta de conhecimento técnico, fez-se uma revisão de literatura sobre a utilidade diagnóstica dos testes clínicos para esta patologia. Este estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar as melhores práticas médicas baseada em evidências científicas dos procedimentos e medidas no exame clínico e os critérios diagnósticos das radiculopatias lombossacrais, listar os testes mais utilizados, levantar as propriedades diagnósticas dos testes, além de avaliar a objetividade destes. Os autores realizaram uma discussão de 53 artigos selecionados nas bases de dados Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs e SciELO, usando como descritores “Evidence-based Medicine”, “Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures”, Radiculopathy”, “Lumbosacral Region”, “Diagnostic Tests”, “Nerve Compression Syndromes”, “Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological”, “Reliability”, “Validity”, “Physical Examination”, “Neurologic Examination”, “Signs”, “Sensitivity and Specificity”, Predictive Value of Tests”, “Sciatica” e Confidence Intervals”, bem como seus correspondentes em português e espanhol. Os autores enfatizaram neste trabalho os aspectos epidemiológicos, os critérios diagnósticos, a confiabilidade e a utilidade diagnóstica dos testes clínicos em radiculopatias lombossacrais. Uma avaliação completa baseada nos melhores testes clínicos é fortemente recomendada na literatura médica. Faz necessário mais estudo para delinear as propriedades de testes menos conhecidos.

The impact that evidence-based medicine has on the ability of clinical tests and measurements to predict radiculopathy diagnoses cannot be underestimated. In most cases, lumbosacral radicular syndrome is self-limiting and the symptoms disappear spontaneously in weeks or months. On the other hand, if the pain becomes chronic, it causes important physical and work disability. The lack of technical knowledge encouraged this literature review on the diagnostic usefulness of clinical tests for this problem. The goals of this study was to determine the best medical practices according to scientific evidence on the procedures and measurements used during clinical examination; determine the diagnostic criteria for lumbosacral radiculopathies; list the most commontests; determine the diagnostic properties of the tests; and assess their objectivity. The authors reviewed 53 articles found in relevant databases Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs and SciELO, using the keywords “Evidence-based Medicine”,“Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures”, “Radiculopathy”,“Lumbosacral Region”, “Diagnostic Tests”, “Nerve Compression Syndromes”, “Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological”, “Reliability”, “Validity”, “Physical Examination”, “Neurologic Examination”, “Signs”, “Sensitivity and Specificity”, “Predictive Value of Tests”,“Sciatica” and “Confidence Intervals”, and their respective translations in Portuguese and Spanish. Special emphasis was given to the epidemiological aspects, diagnostic criteria, and diagnostic reliability and use of clinical lumbosacral radiculopathy tests. The medical literature strongly recommends a complete assessment based on the best clinical tests. More studies are necessary for determining the properties of the less well-known tests.

Estudo prospectivo de avaliação de dor e incapacidade de pacientes operados de estenose de canal lombar com seguimento mínimo de dois anos / Estudio prospectivo de la evaluación del dolor e incapacidad de los pacientes operados de estenosis del canal lumbar con seguimiento mínimo de dos años / Prospective analysis of pain and disability of patients operated on lumbar spinal stenosis with a minimum two-year follow-up

OBJETIVO: realizar uma análise prospectiva de dor e incapacidade em pacientes operados de estenose de canal lombar após dois anos do procedimento através da escala VAS e Roland Morris. MÉTODOS: trinta e oito pacientes foram avaliados por meio dos questionários em um momento pré-operatório, pós-operatório um mês, seis meses, um ano e dois anos, tendo sido realizada descompressão e artrodese com instrumentação pedicular associada. RESULTADOS: foi observado melhora nas análises comparativas de dor e incapacidade no decorrer do seguimento em relação aos valores iniciais, porém uma tendência à estabilização do quadro com sua evolução. CONCLUSÃO: o tratamento cirúrgico da estenose do canal lombar, quando criteriosamente indicado, melhora a dor e a incapacidade após dois anos de seguimento.

OBJECTIVE: to perform a prospective analysis of pain and disability in patients operated on lumbar spine stenosis two years after the procedure by means of VAS and Roland Morris scales. METHODS: thirty-eight patients answered questions before and after the surgery, within one-month, six-month, one-year and two-year analyses; decompression and artrodesis were performed. RESULTS: we observed a reduction in the numbers of VAS and Roland Morris scales in the comparisons with the initial values, with a tendency to stabilize with the follow-up. CONCLUSION: the surgical treatment of lumbar spine stenosis when correctly diagnosed (carefully indicated) improve pain and disability after two years of follow-up.

OBJETIVO: realizar un análisis prospectivo del dolor e incapacidad en pacientes operados de estenosis del canal lumbar después de dos años del procedimiento, por medio de la escala VAS y Roland Morris. MÉTODOS: treinta y ocho pacientes fueron evaluados por medio de los cuestionarios en un momento preoperatorio, postoperatorio un mes, seis meses, un año y dos años, realizando una descompresión y artrodesis con instrumentación pedicular asociada. RESULTADOS: fue observada mejoría en los análisis comparativos de dolor e incapacidad con el decorrer de los seguimientos en relación a los valores iniciales; sin embargo, hubo una tendencia a la estabilidad del cuadro con su evolución. CONCLUSIÓN: el tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis del canal lumbar, con indicación criteriosa, mejora el dolor y la incapacidad después de dos años de seguimiento.

[ effects of stabilization exercise on pain, functional disability and muscle endurance in patients supected to lumbar segmental instability]

Lumbar segmental instability is one of the subgroups of non specific chronic low back pain and it seems that 30-40% of patients with LBP suffer from lumbar segmental instability. Pain intensity, functional disability and reduced muscle endurance are common in such patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stabilization exercise on pain, functional disability and muscle endurance in patients suspected to lumbar segmental instability. Following ethical approval, a randomized clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients suspected to lumbar segmental instability ranging from 18-45 years old. They were randomly divided into two groups; the first group underwent routine exercise only while the second group performed routine exercise plus stabilization training for 8 weeks. Outcome measure included pain intensity, functional disability, and flexion and extension range of motion and flexor, extensor and side support muscle endurance which were evaluated before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using paired t test and independent t test. Muscle endurance and flexion range of motion increased in both groups although the increase was higher in stabilization training group [p=0.00]. Pain intensity and functional disability significantly decreased in both groups [p=0.00], but decreasing of pain intensity and functional disability were more in stabilization training group [p=0.00]. Stabilization training is more effective than routine exercise in improvement of pain intensity, functional disability, muscle endurance and range of motion in patients suspected to lumbar segmental instability

Meningocele manque dorso-lumbar: a propósito de un caso / Lumbar back meningocele manque: a purpose of a case

EL meningocele manque es una patología infrecuente que se caracteriza por una protrusión de meninges y liquido cefalorraquídeo, con una banda anclante de raíces nerviosas libres funcionantes o de la medula misma sin placoda neural. Se presenta este caso de un recién nacido masculino con diagnóstico de meningocele manqué, que fue operado en el Hospital Central “Dr. José María Vargas” San Cristóbal (HCJMV), evolucionando satisfactoriamente. Esta entidad es infrecuente, sin predilección de sexo y se reporta en menos del 4 por ciento con una tasa de 1 x 100000 nacidos vivos; en pacientes con localización dorsolumbar, el conocer esta entidad permitiría al neurocirujano, identificar claramente estos casos durante su práctica profesional.

Confiabilidade de exames físicos para identificação de desequilíbrios musculares na região lombopélvica / Reliability of physical tests for identification muscle imbalance in the lumbopelvic region

Testes para identificação de desequilíbrios musculares na região lombopélvica têm sido descritos na litaratura. Estes testes são descritos como sendo relacionados à estabilidade da coluna lombar, pelve e quadril. Entretanto, não existem dados referentes à confiabilidade das medidas obtidas destes testes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a confiabilidade inter e intra-examinadores das medidas obtidas de quatro testes de desequilíbrio muscular: músculos glúteo máximo x isquiotibiais e glúteo máximo x paravertebrais no movimento de extensão de quadril: glúteos máximo e médio x tensor da fáscia lata no movimento de abdução de quadril; abdominais e flexores de quadril no movimento de flexão de quadril. Os testes foram aplicados por dois examinadores e um total de 29 indivíduos foram avaliados. Os dois examinadores aplicaram os testes em todos os participantes, com o reteste realizado após intervalo de uma semana. A confiabilidade inter e intra-examinadores do julgamento da existência de desequilíbrio muscular em cada indivíduo, nos quatro testes realizados, foi determinada pelo coeficiente Kappa. Os coeficientes Kappa obtidos para as confiabilidades inter e intra-examinadores variaram de 0,457 a 1,00 para os quatro testes. Esses achados sugerem que a confiabilidade das medidas obtidas com os testes de desequilíbrio muscular, descritos neste trabalho, variou de moderada a excelente. O fator que pode ter dificultado a obtenção de uma maior confiabilidade em alguns testes foi a palpação de estruturas ósseas necessária para a sua realização. Os resultados deste estudo suportam a utilização clínica destes testes, desde que associados a outros exames no processo de avaliação

Adrenal myelolipoma--report of a case.

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign, non-secreting tumour composed of adipose and haematopoietic tissue. One such rare case in a 32-year-old female who presented with'pain in right lumbar region is reported here. CT scan revealed a mass in the suparenal region measuring 5.6 x 5 cm. In view of the size and symptomatic nature of the mass, surgical resection was performed. Histological examination revealed the features of myelolipoma. The outcome was favourable without recurrence after a follow-up of one year.

Síndrome lumbociático / Lumbosciatic syndrome

En el presente trabajo se analiza la evolución histórica del concepto de lumbociática y se hace énfasis en las distintas causas que lo producen, así como también en las regiones donde se puede producir la compresión radicular, plexo lumbosacro o la compresión troncular y los atrapamientos neurales que pueden simular un síndrome lumbociático. También se destaca que el tratamiento es distinto, dependiendo de la etiología y el lugar o sitio anatómico donde se produce la compresión de los elementos nerviosos. Así mismo, se realiza un análisis de las diferentes regiones donde se puede producir la compresión de las raíces lumbares, del plexo lumbosacro o del tronco ciático en su emergencia por la pelvis (síndrome piriforme), por lo anterior el tratamiento se orienta en base a la etiología del síndrome y a la región donde se produce la compresión, lo que permite sistematizar el estudio y el diagnóstico del síndrome lumbociático.